Search For Diabetes in Youth
Search For Diabetes in Youth
A multi-center study of Diabetes in children and youth

Search Case Control (CC)

Background

Diabetes mellitus is the third most prevalent severe chronic disease of childhood 1. Key research questions now focus on descriptive epidemiology (prevalence and incidence rates), etiology (metabolic, behavioral, genetic and immunologic risk factors), and appropriate treatment approaches. There is very limited information about the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth, though it is believed that the prevalence is increasing rapidly. Risk factors similar to those in adults with type 2 are thought to be important, (e.g. obesity, positive family history), however, there are no reliable epidemiologic studies of these risk factors in youth with type 2 diabetes using appropriate controls. In addition, risk factors such as low birth weight, lack of breast-feeding, in utero exposure to maternal diabetes and less than optimal patterns of family functioning and depressive symptoms have received little epidemiologic study in populations other than American Indians. This project addresses the lack of such studies.

The SEARCH-CC is a case-control project that will study 10-22 year old children and adolescents with or without diabetes, focusing on type 2 diabetes in youth and drawing upon the CDC funded SEARCH diabetes registry project in Colorado and South Carolina.

Objectives

The SEARCH project will ascertain cases of diabetes in youth, collect immunologic, clinical, and metabolic information, and classify cases as type 1, type 2 or other types (hybrids) of diabetes. SEARCH-CC will recruit appropriate controls aged 10-22 years from three ethnic backgrounds including African Americans (AA), Hispanics (H), and non-Hispanic whites (NHW). SEARCH-CC will add selected measurements not available in SEARCH to explore or describe:

  1. Specific etiologic hypotheses in the cases classified by SEARCH as type 2 diabetes.
  2. Cardiovascular risk factor differences in youth with diabetes and non-diabetic controls.
  3. Among controls, insulin resistance and secretion differences according to levels of the same risk factors under study.
  4. Among youth with diabetes, the relationship between depression and diabetes management, quality of life, and self-concept.
  5. Among youth with and without diabetes, the relationship between diabetes and depression and related psychosocial factors.

The study will:

  1. Recruit non-diabetic control subjects representative of the same populations from which type 2 diabetes cases are identified in SEARCH, group matched by gender, age, and ethnic group.
  2. Assess selected risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (family history, perinatal, clinical, metabolic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors) and test specific hypotheses in case-control, and within-control designs.
  3. Describe the relationship between diabetes and depression/co-morbid conditions in youth: prevalence, incidence, natural evolution of depression by type of diabetes, and impact of depression on diabetes management and complications.

SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study Funded by NIH/NIDDK

This study aims to evaluate nutritional determinants of sustained beta cell function in youth with T1DM, and to explore nutritional correlates of CVD risk profile in youth with T1DM.

SEARCH Spatial Epidemiology of Diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

This NIH/NIDDK funded effort seeks to identify how diabetes incidence rates vary spatially, independent of demographic characteristics.

SEARCH Study of Monogenic Diabetes

The SEARCH cohort will be evaluated for several forms of monogenic diabetes including SUR1, Kir 6.2, and MODY, and clinical characteristics of such cases will be described. This work is funded by JDRF.

SEARCH CVD

This study will recruit non-diabetic controls, and will collect data on CVD sub-clinical outcomes among 800 10-25 year old adolescents and young adults from Colorado and Ohio. Using case-control and within case longitudinal designs, SEARCH CVD will address specific hypotheses related to the presence of, and risk factors for, preclinical CVD in youth with and without T1D.

The Contraception & Preconception Care for Adolescents and Young Women with Diabetes Study (CPC) study

This ancillary study to SEARCH was designed to (1) identify the associations between the partcipants' demographic and clinical characteristics and their knowledge, intentions, and behaviors related to optimal preconception behaviors; (2) to identify associations between receipt of preconception care and their knowledge, intentions, and behaviors related to optimal preconception behaviors; (3) to determine the associations between knowledge about optimal preconception behavior and intentions to implement optimal preconception behavior, and (4) to determine the associations between intentions to implement optimal preconception behavior and actual preconception behavior two years later.